\documentclass[border={10pt}]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz,pgfplots,filecontents,amsmath}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.5}

\begin{filecontents}{data.dat}
 n   yn 
0    1
1   -1
2	 0
3    3
\end{filecontents}


\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}
[%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
    axis x line=middle,
    axis y line=middle,
    every axis x label={at={(current axis.right of origin)},anchor=north west},
    every axis y label={at={(current axis.above origin)},anchor= north west},
    every axis plot post/.style={mark options={fill=black}},
    xlabel={$n$},
    ylabel={$\boldsymbol{y[n]}$},
    xtick={-1,0,2,3, 4},
    xmax=4,
    ymin=-2,
    ymax=3,
]%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\addplot+[ycomb,black,thick] table [x={n}, y={yn}] {data.dat};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}